Institute of Semantic Restructuring

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Semantic Restructuring is the pursuit of enlightenment, enlivenment, empowerment through the creative re-arranging of the building blocks of meaning. For a better description, Start Here.


2004:07:30

970 - Four Types

I propose there are four main types of presupposition:

  1. Existential

  2. Syntactic

  3. Semantic

  4. Para-linguistic

That may not seem like much of a post, but I've been strugging with my nomenclature a long time. The simplest kind of presupposition is simply that a word presupposes the existence of the thing/event/differentia it represents. This category, as the name suggests, is fair game for almost endless speculation; the issue of existential import was only conclusively decided in favor of logical positivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, I believe. Next, syntactic, certain parts of speech require other parts of speech; a desription presupposes the described. Third, semantic, where the literal meaning of the word subsumes other words, such as the way ant subsumes insect. Finally, and perhaps most profitably, there are the para-linguistic; these constructions deliver a meaning quite apart from that provided by a mere parsing of the words. I was tempted to call this category "enthymematic", because the conclusion and the utterance are connected by steps not explicated in the utterance. Para-linguistic refers us to the source of those connections; voice tone, volume, and other non-verbal factors. An example such as, "If anyone needs me I'll be in the city dump," when analyzed strictly for it's verbal semantic value is a simple conditional. But to speak this sentence and have it convey only the literal meanings is a challenge because this form is so closely acquainted with a manner of delivery that adds quite a bit of backspin, semantically, such that the received meaning, again, quite apart from the words, is along the lines of, "Nobody cares where I'll be." How we get from the one to the other is strictly a matter of closing the gap between the emotion-neutral parsing of the words and the emotional messages carried by the speaker.

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